Abstract This study aims at achieving social protection for the elderly residents of social welfare institutions to assess their social, psychological, health, and economic needs, and to identify the obstacles that face them inside the welfare institutions and reach a set of proposals that can satisfy the needs of the elderly residing in the social welfare institutions and achieve social protection for them. This study is a descriptive study that relies on the social survey of the elderly in the social welfare institutions in Assiut Governorate: (Social welfare for Men, Bilal bin Rabah Association for Older Women, House of Love and Mercy for the Care of the Elderly, House for the Elderly in the Islamic Cultural Center, Association for the Welfare of the Elderly in Mubarak Region). Their number is 138, using the data collection tool (a questionnaire prepared by the two researchers). Keywords: The elderly, Needs assessment, Social protection